Clinical & Molecular Biomedicine (CMB) welcomes submissions of original, high-quality manuscripts that advance molecular and clinical biomedical research. Authors are required to prepare manuscripts according to the journal’s formatting, ethical, and reporting standards before submission.

Authors should ensure that their work is original, unpublished, and not under consideration by another journal at the time of submission.

Clinical & Molecular Biomedicine accepts the following categories of manuscripts:

• Original Research Articles

Full-length reports describing novel experimental or clinical findings.

• Review Articles

Comprehensive and critical reviews summarizing current knowledge in a specific field.

• Short Communications

Brief reports presenting important preliminary findings.

• Case Reports

Clinical observations offering novel insights into disease or treatment.

• Methods and Protocols

Descriptions of new techniques or improved experimental methodologies.

• Letters to the Editor

Comments or discussions related to previously published articles.

Authors should submit manuscripts through the journal’s online submission system.

Submit Manuscript: Submit Manuscript

Authors must follow the instructions provided on the submission page and upload all required files in the appropriate format.

Authors must not submit or publish substantially the same scholarly work as a separate publication in another journal without appropriate disclosure and editorial agreement.

Any previous publication, related manuscript, secondary publication, translation, or substantially overlapping work must be disclosed to the journal and appropriately cited.

This restriction concerns duplicate or redundant scholarly publication and does not limit lawful sharing, redistribution, adaptation, or other reuse permitted under the article's applicable Creative Commons license.

A cover letter must accompany every submission. The cover letter should:

• Describe the scope, importance, and novelty of the manuscript.

• Disclose any potential competing interests.

• Confirm originality and exclusivity of submission to CMB.

• Acknowledge author contributions and funding sources.

• Suggest potential reviewers and optionally request exclusion of up to five reviewers.

• Provide complete contact details for all authors, clearly identifying the corresponding author.

Submission File Format

Authors must provide editable source files for all components of the manuscript.

Accepted manuscript source formats are:

• Microsoft Word: .docx preferred; .doc accepted.
• LaTeX: .tex.

PDF files must not be submitted as a substitute for the editable manuscript source file.

Authors submitting figures, tables, supplementary material, or other associated files must provide them in the formats specified in the relevant sections of this Guide.

Manuscript Formatting

Formatting requirements depend on the manuscript source format.

Microsoft Word Manuscripts

Manuscripts prepared in Microsoft Word should:

• use a single-column layout;
• use a normal, readable font, such as 12-point Times New Roman;
• use 1.5 line spacing;
• use automatic page numbering;
• use italics only where appropriate;
• use tab stops or paragraph-formatting tools for indentation rather than repeated spaces;
• use the Word table function to create editable tables;
• use the built-in equation editor or MathType for mathematical equations; and
• be submitted as a .docx file where possible, or .doc if necessary.

Authors should remove tracked changes, deleted text, comments intended only for collaborators, and unnecessary formatting before submission.

LaTeX Manuscripts

Manuscripts prepared in LaTeX should:

• be submitted as the complete editable .tex source;
• include all files necessary to compile the manuscript correctly;
• include bibliography files, such as .bib files, where applicable;
• include all figures and other referenced external files;
• avoid unnecessary custom macros, packages, or non-standard class files where possible; and
• ensure that all references, equations, tables, figures, and cross-references compile correctly before submission.

LaTeX manuscripts may use an appropriate single- or double-column layout at the submission stage. Final journal formatting will be applied during production after acceptance.

Manuscripts should be submitted in Word format and prepared according to the following formatting guidelines:

• Use a normal, plain font, such as 12-point Times Roman.

• Use 1.5 line spacing.

• Use italics for emphasis only where necessary.

• Use automatic page numbering.

• Do not use field functions.

• Use tab stops or other formatting commands for indents, not the space bar.

• Use the table function to create tables, not spreadsheets.

• Use the equation editor or MathType for equations.

• Save the file in .docx format or .doc format.

Manuscript Structure

The organization of a manuscript should correspond to the article type and study design. The standard Introduction–Methods–Results–Discussion structure applies primarily to original research and should not be imposed on manuscript categories for which another structure is more appropriate.

Original Research Articles

Original Research Articles should normally be organized as follows:

1. Title Page
2. Structured Abstract
3. Keywords
4. Introduction
5. Materials and Methods
6. Results
7. Discussion
8. Conclusions
9. Statements and Declarations
10. References
11. Figure Legends
12. Tables and Figures

Authors should use appropriate reporting guidelines for the study design, including CONSORT for randomized trials, STROBE for observational studies, STARD for diagnostic accuracy studies, ARRIVE for animal research, and other applicable guidelines listed by the EQUATOR Network.

Review Articles

The structure of a Review Article should reflect the type of review.

Narrative Reviews may be organized as follows:

1. Title Page
2. Abstract
3. Keywords
4. Introduction
5. Review Method or Literature Search Approach, where appropriate
6. Thematic Sections and Subsections
7. Discussion or Perspectives
8. Conclusions
9. Statements and Declarations
10. References

Authors should describe how the literature was identified and selected sufficiently clearly to allow readers to understand the scope and basis of the review.

Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses should normally include:

1. Title Page
2. Structured Abstract
3. Keywords
4. Introduction
5. Methods
6. Results
7. Discussion
8. Conclusions
9. Statements and Declarations
10. References
11. Supplementary Material, where applicable

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses must follow the current PRISMA reporting guideline and should provide protocol registration information where applicable.

Short Communications

Short Communications should present concise reports of original findings and may use a shortened research-article structure:

1. Title Page
2. Abstract
3. Keywords
4. Introduction
5. Materials and Methods
6. Results
7. Discussion or combined Results and Discussion
8. Conclusions, where appropriate
9. Statements and Declarations
10. References

The manuscript should focus on the principal finding and avoid unnecessary subdivisions.

Case Reports

Case Reports should be prepared in accordance with the current CARE reporting guideline and should normally include the following elements, where applicable:

1. Title Page
2. Abstract
3. Keywords
4. Introduction
5. Patient Information
6. Clinical Findings
7. Timeline
8. Diagnostic Assessment
9. Therapeutic Intervention
10. Follow-up and Outcomes
11. Discussion
12. Patient Perspective, where appropriate
13. Informed Consent for Publication
14. Statements and Declarations
15. References

Sections that are not relevant to a particular case may be omitted or adapted. Authors must obtain appropriate consent for publication of identifiable patient information.

Methods Articles

Articles describing new or substantially improved experimental, laboratory, computational, or clinical methods should normally include:

1. Title Page
2. Abstract
3. Keywords
4. Introduction
5. Method Description
6. Materials, Equipment, Software, or Resources, as applicable
7. Validation or Performance Evaluation
8. Results or Demonstration of Application, where applicable
9. Discussion
10. Limitations
11. Conclusions
12. Statements and Declarations
13. References

Authors should provide sufficient methodological detail to permit appropriate evaluation and, where possible, reproducibility of the method.

Study Protocols

Study Protocols should be structured according to the design of the proposed study rather than as completed research articles.

They should normally include:

1. Title Page
2. Abstract
3. Keywords
4. Introduction and Rationale
5. Objectives
6. Methods and Study Design
7. Participants, Setting, or Data Sources, where applicable
8. Interventions and Outcomes, where applicable
9. Sample Size and Statistical Analysis
10. Data Management and Monitoring, where applicable
11. Ethics and Dissemination
12. Trial or Protocol Registration, where applicable
13. Statements and Declarations
14. References

Clinical trial protocols must follow the current SPIRIT guideline and comply with the journal's Clinical Trial Registration policy. Protocols for systematic reviews should follow PRISMA-P or another applicable reporting guideline.

Protocols should not present results from a study that has already been completed.

Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor do not require an IMRAD structure.

Letters should be concise and focused on a clearly defined scientific or editorial issue, typically relating to material previously published in the journal. Headings may be used where they improve clarity, but a formal Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion structure is not required.

1. Letters must include appropriate references and any applicable Statements and Declarations.

Clinical & Molecular Biomedicine requires authors to report research in accordance with the current applicable reporting guideline for the study design. Authors should consult the EQUATOR Network when identifying the appropriate reporting standard.

Applicable guidelines include, but are not limited to:

• CONSORT — randomized controlled trials
• STROBE — observational studies, including cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies
• PRISMA — systematic reviews and meta-analyses
• CARE — case reports
• STARD — diagnostic accuracy studies
• SPIRIT — clinical trial protocols
• PRISMA-P — systematic review and meta-analysis protocols
• ARRIVE — in vivo animal research
• TRIPOD — studies developing, validating, or updating prediction models

Authors must use the reporting guideline and any relevant extension that best corresponds to the study design and subject area.

Where the applicable guideline provides a checklist, flow diagram, or other reporting document, authors may be required to submit the completed document together with the manuscript. The completed checklist should indicate where each required reporting item is addressed in the manuscript.

Use of a reporting guideline does not replace compliance with the journal's separate requirements concerning research ethics, informed consent, clinical trial registration, data availability, or other applicable publication policies.

If no established reporting guideline applies to the study design, authors should report the methods and results with sufficient completeness and transparency to permit appropriate scientific evaluation and, where relevant, reproducibility.

The title page should include the following information:

Article Title

The title should be concise, clear, and informative. Authors should avoid using abbreviations, symbols, or formulas.

Author Names

Authors should provide the full names of all authors, including given name(s) and family name(s). Names should be spelled correctly and appear in the same order as entered in the submission system.

Author Affiliations

Author affiliations should include the department or institution name, full postal address, country name, and email address, where available. Affiliations should be linked to authors using lower-case superscript letters.

Corresponding Author

The corresponding author must be clearly identified and will be responsible for communication with the journal during submission, peer review, publication, and post-publication correspondence. The corresponding author should provide a valid email address and contact details.

Present or Permanent Address

If an author has moved to a different institution after completing the research, the new address may be listed as a present or permanent address. The original institution where the work was performed should remain the main affiliation.

The abstract must be able to stand alone, as abstracts are often presented separately from the article.

The abstract should be 150–250 words and include:

• Background

• Methods

• Key results

• Conclusions

Authors should provide 4–6 keywords for indexing purposes.

Tables should be prepared in an editable text format and must not be submitted as images.

Tables should be clear, concise, and should present data without unnecessary duplication of information already described in the text or figures.

Authors should follow these guidelines:

• Tables must be numbered consecutively using Arabic numerals, such as Table 1 and Table 2.

• Each table must be cited in the manuscript text in sequential order.

• Tables should be placed close to the relevant text or on separate pages at the end of the document.

• Each table must include a clear and concise caption placed above the table.

• Previously published material must be acknowledged with a reference at the end of the table caption.

• Footnotes should be placed directly below the table body.

• Authors should avoid vertical lines, excessive formatting, and unnecessary cell shading.

Figures, images, diagrams, charts, graphs, and other graphical elements must be prepared with clarity, accuracy, and consistency.

All figures should be submitted as separate high-resolution files, in addition to being placed appropriately within the manuscript or at the end of the document.

Figure files should be named consecutively using the format Fig followed by the figure number, for example, Fig1.tiff or Fig2.eps.

Preferred file formats include:

• EPS or PDF for vector graphics, with all fonts embedded

• TIFF for halftone images or photographs

• JPG and PNG, provided that resolution requirements are met

• MS Office files, such as .docx or .pptx, only if figures are properly embedded and maintain adequate resolution

Minimum resolution requirements are:

• Photographs or halftone images: 300 dpi

• Combination figures with images and text or line elements: 500–600 dpi

• Line art: 1000–1200 dpi

Color images should be submitted in RGB format. Authors must ensure that figures remain clear and interpretable if converted to grayscale.

Authors should use standard sans-serif fonts such as Arial or Helvetica and maintain consistent font type and size across all figures.

Recommended font size is 8–12 pt after scaling. All text must remain legible after resizing for publication.

Figures must be numbered consecutively using Arabic numerals, such as Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, according to their order of appearance in the manuscript.

Figure captions must be provided in the main manuscript file, not inside the figure image. Each caption should include a concise title, a clear explanation of the figure content, and identification of all symbols, abbreviations, and graphical elements.

The use of generative artificial intelligence or AI-assisted tools to create or modify figures is generally not permitted.

An exception may be made when AI tools are used as part of the research methodology, such as biomedical image analysis or computational imaging. In such cases, authors must clearly describe the tool or model used, version details, and relevant technical parameters in the Methods section.

AI-generated artwork, including graphical abstracts or illustrations, requires prior editorial approval, appropriate disclosure, and attribution.

Authors may submit supplementary material to support and enhance the scientific content of their manuscripts.

Supplementary material may include extended datasets, additional figures and tables, high-resolution images, multimedia files, software, protocols, or other supporting information directly relevant to the study.

Supplementary files must be accurate, relevant, and clearly cited in the manuscript text. Authors must submit all supplementary files at the time of initial manuscript submission.

Supplementary files are published online as submitted, without copyediting, formatting, or typesetting by the journal production team. Authors are responsible for ensuring that these files are complete, accurate, clearly labeled, and suitable for publication.

Clinical & Molecular Biomedicine welcomes video files and animation sequences that enhance the presentation of scientific content.

Video and multimedia files must be clearly referenced within the manuscript text. Each file should have a descriptive filename and a concise explanation of its content.

Videos should be submitted in commonly accepted file formats and must not exceed 150 MB per file or 1 GB in total for all submitted multimedia files.

Authors must provide a representative still image for each video file.

The journal supports open, transparent, and reproducible research practices and strongly encourages authors to share research data wherever possible.

Research data may include experimental observations, datasets, computational models, software, code, protocols, and analytical outputs.

Authors are encouraged to deposit research data in a recognized public repository, cite and link datasets within the manuscript, and provide sufficient methodological and contextual information to allow reuse and verification.

If data sharing is not feasible, authors must provide a clear explanation, such as confidentiality, sensitivity, or patient-related restrictions.

Data Availability Statement

Manuscripts reporting original research or analyses of research data must include a Data Availability Statement describing whether, where, and under what conditions the data supporting the findings of the study are available.

The statement must be included in the manuscript, including when the underlying data cannot be made publicly available.

Authors should use the statement most appropriate to their study, for example:

• Publicly available data: Data supporting the findings of this study are available in a recognized public repository. The repository name and persistent identifier, accession number, DOI, or URL must be provided.
• Data available on reasonable request: The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Where appropriate, authors should explain any conditions governing access.
• Restricted data: The data are not publicly available because of privacy, confidentiality, contractual, ethical, legal, or other justified restrictions. The reason for the restriction and, where applicable, the procedure for requesting access must be stated.
• Third-party data: Data used in the study were obtained from a third party and are subject to access restrictions. Authors must identify the data source and describe how eligible researchers may request access, where applicable.
• Data included in the article or supplementary material: All data supporting the findings of the study are included in the published article and/or its supplementary material.
• No new data generated: No new datasets were generated or analysed during the preparation of this article.
• Not applicable: A Data Availability Statement may state “Not applicable” when the manuscript does not report research involving the generation or analysis of datasets.

Clinical Trial Data Sharing

Manuscripts reporting the results of clinical trials must include a data-sharing statement consistent with current ICMJE recommendations.

The statement must indicate:

• whether deidentified individual participant data will be shared;
• what data will be made available;
• whether related documents, such as the study protocol or statistical analysis plan, will be available;
• when the data will become available and for how long;
• the criteria governing access to the data, including who may access them and for what purposes; and
• the mechanism through which access may be requested or obtained.

For clinical trials that began enrolling participants on or after 1 January 2019, the trial registration must also contain a data-sharing plan. Any subsequent changes to that plan must be reflected both in the trial registry and in the data-sharing statement submitted with the manuscript.

Footnotes should be used sparingly and only where necessary. They should provide additional clarification that cannot be integrated into the main text without disrupting readability.

Footnotes must be numbered consecutively throughout the manuscript. Authors are encouraged to use the automatic footnote feature in word-processing software

Authors may acknowledge individuals, institutions, or organizations that provided support during the research or preparation of the manuscript.

Acknowledgements may include language editing, proofreading, technical assistance, data collection support, or other non-author contributions.

The Acknowledgements section must be placed immediately before the reference list. Authors should ensure that acknowledged individuals have given permission to be named, where applicable.

Acknowledgements must not be included on the title page, as footnotes to the title, or in any other section of the manuscript.

For all submissions, the corresponding author must provide a detailed Author Contributions statement using the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT).

Common contribution roles include:

• Conceptualization

• Data curation

• Formal analysis

• Funding acquisition

• Investigation

• Methodology

• Project administration

• Resources

• Software

• Supervision

• Validation

• Visualization

• Writing – original draft

• Writing – review and editing

Not all roles will apply to every manuscript. Individual authors may contribute to multiple roles.

Authorship should reflect meaningful intellectual contributions to the research work, including study design, execution, analysis, or interpretation.

Authors must also participate in drafting or critically revising the manuscript, approve the final version, and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

All submitted manuscripts must designate a corresponding author.

Requests to add, remove, or reorder authors after manuscript submission are strongly discouraged.

If changes are necessary, they must be justified in writing and approved by all listed authors, including authors being added or removed, before editorial consideration.

Once a manuscript has been formally accepted for publication, changes to authorship are generally not permitted.

Generative artificial intelligence tools, including large language models, cannot be listed as authors because they cannot assume responsibility or accountability for manuscript content.

If AI tools are used during manuscript preparation, such as for language editing or drafting assistance, their use must be clearly disclosed in the Methods, Acknowledgements, or another appropriate section.

Authors remain fully responsible for verifying the accuracy, integrity, and originality of all content.

The following statements must be included in the submitted manuscript under the heading Statements and Declarations.

This section should be placed after the References section.

Required statements may include:

• Declaration of competing interests

• Funding statement

• Ethics approval statement

• Informed consent statement

• Consent to publish statement

• Data availability statement, where applicable

• Author contributions statement

All authors must disclose any financial or personal relationships with individuals or organizations that could inappropriately influence, or be perceived to influence, their work.

If authors have no competing interests to declare, they should include the following statement:

“The authors declare that they have no competing interests.”

Authors must clearly disclose all sources of financial support received for the conduct of the research or preparation of the manuscript.

Authors should state the role of the funding organization or sponsor in study design, data collection, data analysis and interpretation, manuscript preparation, and the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

If the funding source had no involvement, this should be explicitly stated.

All research involving human participants, human data, animals, or animal-derived materials must follow the highest ethical standards.

For human studies, authors must confirm that the study complied with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from an appropriate ethics committee or Institutional Review Board, where applicable.

For animal studies, authors must describe ethical care, handling, and use of animals in the Methods section.

If the study was exempt from ethical approval, this must be clearly stated and justified.

For studies involving human participants, authors must confirm that informed consent was obtained. For minors or vulnerable populations, consent must be obtained from parents or legal guardians.

If the manuscript includes identifiable individual data, such as images, videos, or case-specific details, authors must obtain explicit consent for publication.

Clinical & Molecular Biomedicine requires prospective registration of clinical trials as a condition of consideration for publication.

For the purposes of this policy, a clinical trial is a research study that prospectively assigns individuals or groups of individuals to one or more health-related interventions, with or without a comparison or control group, to evaluate their effects on health-related outcomes.

Clinical trials must be registered in a publicly accessible trial registry at or before the time of first participant consent for enrollment. Acceptable registries include:

• a primary registry of the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP); or
• ClinicalTrials.gov.

Approval by an ethics committee or Institutional Review Board does not replace the requirement for prospective clinical trial registration.

For manuscripts reporting clinical trial results, authors must provide the name of the trial registry and the registration number. The trial registration number must be included at the end of the abstract and should also be reported in the Methods section.

Secondary analyses of data from a previously registered clinical trial should reference the registration number of the original trial rather than being registered as a separate clinical trial.

Retrospective registration does not normally satisfy the journal's requirement for prospective registration. If a trial was not registered prospectively, authors must provide a clear explanation. Exceptions will be considered only in rare circumstances at the discretion of the editors, and failure to register a clinical trial prospectively may make the manuscript ineligible for publication.

The journal encourages the use of inclusive and respectful language in all manuscripts.

Authors should avoid language that implies superiority or bias based on age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability, or health condition.

Writing should be clear, neutral, respectful, and scientifically appropriate.

Research involving humans, animals, or eukaryotic cells should consider sex- and gender-based analyses when relevant.

Authors are encouraged to explain how sex and/or gender were considered in study design, data analysis, and interpretation of results. If such analyses were not conducted, authors should acknowledge any limitations in generalizability.

All references cited in the manuscript must be included in the reference list, and all references listed must be cited in the text.

Authors are responsible for ensuring consistency, accuracy, and completeness of all reference information.

References cited in the abstract must also be provided in full in the reference list.

Unpublished results and personal communications should generally not be included in the reference list. If such items are included, they should be clearly identified.

Authors are strongly encouraged to include Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) wherever available.

Clinical & Molecular Biomedicine follows a numbered citation style.

References should be indicated by numbers in square brackets within the text and numbered consecutively in the order in which they first appear.

Example:

“…as previously reported [3,6]. Grubb and colleagues [8] obtained similar results.”

Journal titles should be abbreviated according to the List of Title Word Abbreviations.

Permissions

Authors are responsible for ensuring that they have the legal right to reproduce or adapt previously published material included in their manuscript.

Where material is protected by copyright and is not available under a license permitting the intended reuse, authors must obtain written permission from the relevant copyright holder before publication.

Separate permission is generally not required for material that is in the public domain or is available under a Creative Commons or other license that permits the intended use, provided that all applicable license conditions, including attribution requirements, are followed.

All reused or adapted material must be clearly acknowledged in the manuscript, including the original source and applicable license where relevant.

Authors must provide documentation of permissions or licenses to the journal upon request.

Authors are encouraged to ensure that the manuscript is written in clear, concise, and grammatically correct English.

Clear presentation improves fair and accurate evaluation by editors and reviewers.

After acceptance, authors will be required to complete a publishing agreement. The corresponding author will receive an email containing a secure link to the online agreement form.

Authors are encouraged to review copyright and licensing policies before completing the agreement.

Copyright and Licensing

Authors retain copyright in their published work.

Articles published in Clinical & Molecular Biomedicine are made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.

Under this license, users may copy, redistribute, adapt, transform, and build upon the published material for any purpose, including commercial purposes, provided that appropriate credit is given to the authors and original source, a link to the license is provided, and any changes are indicated.

Authors grant Clinical & Molecular Biomedicine and its publisher the non-exclusive right to publish, distribute, archive, display, and promote the article under the CC BY 4.0 license.

The journal's policies concerning duplicate or redundant scholarly publication do not restrict legitimate reuse of published material permitted under the CC BY 4.0 license.

The proof stage is used to identify and correct typesetting, formatting, or conversion errors and to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the manuscript, including text, tables, and figures.

Substantial changes, such as adding new results, modifying data values, or changing the title or authorship, are not permitted at this stage without prior approval from the Editor.

Once the article is published online, further corrections can only be made through an Erratum formally linked to the original publication.

Accepted articles are published online shortly after corrected proofs are received.

The Online First version represents the official first publication and is fully citable using its Digital Object Identifier.

After inclusion in a scheduled issue, the article may also be cited using volume, issue, and page numbers.

All articles published in Clinical & Molecular Biomedicine are made available through a fully open-access model, ensuring immediate and unrestricted access to readers worldwide.

Currently, no article processing charges are required for publication.