Clinical Biomedical Communications (CBC) is dedicated to maintaining the highest standards of integrity in scientific publishing. The journal strictly adheres to the ethical frameworks and best practices established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), and the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME).

To protect the reliability of the scientific record, CBC maintains a zero-tolerance policy toward research misconduct. Ethical publishing is essential to ensure that all published work is scientifically reliable, responsibly reported, and clinically meaningful.

Research misconduct includes, but is not limited to:

Plagiarism: The appropriation of another person's ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit.

Data Fabrication and Falsification: Inventing data or results, or manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, including changing or omitting data such that the research is not accurately represented.

Image and Dataset Manipulation: The intentional manipulation of digital images or datasets to mislead readers or obscure original findings.

Redundant Publication: Submitting the same or substantially similar work to multiple journals simultaneously, or publishing the same research more than once without proper justification.

Unethical Research Practices: Failing to adhere to established ethical protocols for human or animal subjects.

When credible concerns regarding the integrity of a submission or a published article are raised, CBC follows a structured investigative protocol.

Initial Inquiry: The journal may pause the peer review or publication process to conduct a preliminary internal assessment.

Collaboration: Where necessary, CBC will collaborate with the authors’ home institutions, funding bodies, or relevant regulatory authorities to ensure a thorough investigation.

Communication: Authors will be given the opportunity to provide clarifications or evidence to address the concerns raised.

Depending on the severity and nature of the breach, the Editorial Board may take the following actions:

Clarifications or Corrections: Issuing a formal Erratum or Corrigendum for minor, non-intentional errors.

Rejection: Immediate rejection of a manuscript currently under review.

Expression of Concern: Publishing a formal notice if an investigation is inconclusive but serious concerns remain.

Retraction: Formally withdrawing a published article from the scientific record if findings are proven unreliable or the work is found to be unethical.

Notification of Authorities: Formally reporting serious breaches of integrity to the author’s institution or professional body.

Authors are expected to uphold the highest standards of integrity, transparency, and accountability in the conduct and reporting of their research. Any violation of these principles constitutes research misconduct and will be addressed in accordance with internationally recognized ethical guidelines, including those of COPE.

Confirmed cases of misconduct may result in manuscript rejection, publication retraction, and notification of the authors’ affiliated institutions.

The journal maintains a strict policy against all forms of academic and research misconduct. Allegations such as plagiarism, data fabrication or falsification, unethical research practices, or authorship disputes will be thoroughly investigated in accordance with COPE guidelines.

Depending on the findings, the journal may take one or more of the following actions:

• Rejection of the manuscript

• Publication of a formal correction

• Retraction of the published article

• Notification of the authors’ affiliated institutions or funding bodies

Adherence to these ethical standards is essential to ensure the credibility, reproducibility, and integrity of scientific research.